Despite being one of Africa’s largest economies by total output, Nigeria has been ranked as the 12th poorest country in the world by GDP per capita, according to a new report published by Visual Capitalist, using data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Out of 189 countries assessed, Nigeria sits at 178th position, with a GDP per capita of just $807 in 2025.
GDP Per Capita: A Wealth Indicator
GDP per capita measures the average economic output per person, offering a snapshot of individual prosperity by dividing a country’s total GDP by its population. It is widely used to compare living standards across nations, regardless of size.
According to the report:
“Nigeria is another less dramatic example of a large economy whose population brings down its GDP per capita.”
The report highlights how large populations—without corresponding economic productivity—can skew per capita figures downward, even for economies with substantial overall output.
Global Context: Poorest Countries by GDP Per Capita
South Sudan tops the global list as the world’s poorest country, with a GDP per capita of $251, followed by:
- Yemen
- Burundi
- Central African Republic
- Malawi
India, despite being the 4th largest economy globally by total GDP, is also on the list—ranked as the 50th poorest with a per capita GDP of $2,878.
“India is a rare case of a global top-five economy by GDP having low levels of individual productivity,” the report noted.
Nigeria’s Economic Paradox
While Nigeria remains a key economic player in Africa by total GDP, its low per capita income highlights the deep inequality and economic hardship many citizens face.
“Chronic conflict, fragile institutions, and limited industrial bases continue to suppress income growth in many countries, even as the global economy rebounds post-pandemic,” the report stated.
